Design of Liquid Retaining Concrete Structures
It is common practice to use reinforced or prestressed concrete structures for the storage of water and other aqueous liquids. Similar design methods may also be used to design basements in buildings where groundwater must be excluded. For such purposes as these, concrete is generally the most economical material of construction and, when correctly designed and constructed, will provide long life and low maintenance costs. The design methods given in this book are appropriate for the following types of structure (all of which are in-line with the scope of Part 3 of Eurocode 2, BS EN 1992-3, 2006): storage tanks, reservoirs, swimming pools, elevated tanks (not the tower supporting the tank), ponds, settlement tanks, basement walls, and similar structures (Figures 1.1 and 1.2). Speci fi cally excluded are: dams, structures subjected to dynamic forces, and pipelines, aqueducts or other types of structure for the conveyance of liquids.
A structure that is designed to retain liquids must ful fi l the requirements for normal structures in having adequate strength, durability, and freedom from excessive cracking or de fl ection. In addition, it must be designed so that the liquid is not allowed to leak or percolate through the concrete structure. In the design of normal building structures, the most critical aspect of the design is to ensure that the structure retains its stability under the applied (permanent and variable) actions. In the design of structures to retain liquids, it is usual to fi nd that if the structure has been proportioned and reinforced so that the liquid is retained without leakage (i.e. satisfying the Serviceability Limit State, SLS), then the strength (the Ultimate Limit State, ULS requirements)
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